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The Arabian scimitar is a backsword or sabre with a curved blade, originating in the Middle East. The scimitar was widespread throughout the Middle East from at least the Ottoman period, with early examples dating to the 9th century. There is debate on the origins of the word scimitar. The Arabic term saif is likely to be derived from the same source as Greek xiphos (the straight, double-edged sword of Greek antiquity). The Persian sword now called shamshir appeared in the 12th century and was popularized in Persia by the early 16th century. This sword has an eagle head pommel.